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When treating a blood glucose level of 58 mg/dL, which indicates mild hypoglycemia, it is essential to choose a quick source of fast-acting carbohydrates. In this case, 15 grapes provide an appropriate carbohydrate source that can rapidly help to elevate blood sugar levels. The natural sugars in grapes are quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, making them effective for treating low blood sugar.

In contrast, options like whole milk, peanut butter, and peanut butter on bread contain fats and proteins that may slow down the absorption of glucose. Whole milk does contain lactose, which is a form of carbohydrate, but it may not raise blood glucose levels as quickly as a fruit source. Peanut butter, while nutritious, is primarily a fat and protein source and is not suitable for immediate treatment of hypoglycemia. The addition of bread to peanut butter does provide carbohydrates, but the combination may not be as effective as the straightforward carbohydrate source provided by the grapes. Therefore, for treating a low blood glucose level, quick-acting carbohydrates like those found in grapes are the most effective choice.