Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) Practice Exam

Which of the following supplements is safest for long-term use?

1. Vitamin E

2. EPA and DHA

3. Vitamin C

4. Carotene

The correct answer is: EPA and DHA

The selection of EPA and DHA as the safest supplement for long-term use is supported by a substantial body of evidence that highlights their benefits in cardiovascular health and anti-inflammatory properties. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are omega-3 fatty acids found primarily in fish oil, and they play a crucial role in supporting heart health by improving lipid profiles, reducing triglycerides, and lowering risks of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, research indicates that long-term supplementation with EPA and DHA is generally well-tolerated, with fewer adverse effects compared to other supplements. Other options, such as Vitamin E, have been associated with potential side effects at high doses, including increased risk of bleeding and negative cardiovascular outcomes. Vitamin C, while essential, may lead to gastrointestinal disturbances in high doses and does not necessarily provide the same level of long-term health benefits as omega-3s. Carotene, particularly in high doses, can carry risks such as increased lung cancer risk in smokers. Overall, the safety profile and long-term health benefits make EPA and DHA a strong choice for sustained supplementation.